Essay on Psychopathology and Abnormal Psychology Essay

One of the most controversial aspects of society throughout history can be seen in the way society views people with illnesses. Often times, people persecute their fellowmen just because they do not seem â€Å"normal† or they seem to â€Å"not belong† with the current society. These problems have led to the development of a branch of psychology which aimed to look at the causes and other related information that formed these mental illnesses. This branch of psychology came to be known as abnormal psychology. Abnormal psychology is that segment of the field which studies mental illnesses and abnormal behavior. The field covers problems such as depression, obsession, and even sexual deviation. The field also traced the symptoms, etiology, effects, and how these illnesses are maintained. Before we study abnormal psychology though, we must first look into what people see as abnormal. Historically, many of the earliest civilizations attribute mental disorders and illnesses as manifestations of evil spirits; some even have practices which remove parts of the skull using primitive tools as a means of releasing these evil spirits. As time progressed though, people such as priests, shamans, and witch doctors have been employed to supposedly rid these individuals of the â€Å"malicious† spirits which inhabit their bodies. During the times of the Greeks and the Romans, diagnosing and identifying mental illnesses have become more scientific. However, during this period, mystical and supernatural explanations still prevail over the ideas of modern science. One example is Homer, according to him, mental illnesses are caused by God, taking away the minds of the victims. It is not until Hippocrates wrote numerous accounts, journals, essays, papers and other scholarly work that made the study more scientific. In his papers, Hippocrates wrote about things such as psychosis, mania, phobias, and paranoia. His theory, however, still is flawed because he attributed the illnesses to four fluids in the human body: black and yellow bile, phlegm, and blood. During the middle ages, more horrifying and disturbing accounts were given, According to studies, during this period, people with mental illnesses were classified as witches, and they were â€Å"hunted† so as to rid them of the physical world. It was further justified by the writing of the Malleus Malifacarum (Withc’s Hammer) in 1486. In 1563, a person by the name of Jahann Weyer wrote a book called De Praestigiis Daemonum (The Deception of Demons). The book discredited the beliefs that demons were the culprits in mental illnesses and instead brought out the point that natural causes may indeed result in abnormal behavior. He also looked at the possibility of the use of drugs as sparks which caused these said disorders. With his work, the study of mental abnormalities became more humanitarian and started to look for treatment, rather than damnation, for its victims. In 1769, Benjamin Rush, a professors of chemistry and medicine at the college of Philadelphia became the father of American psychiatry. He instituted reform by putting into action several changes such as better ventilation, separation and classification of violent and non-violent patients, and created programs for recreation catering to the patients who suffer from mental illness. By 1880, Dorthea Dix, a schoolteacher from Boston started a campaign which led to the opening of 32 psychiatric hospitals which prioritized the poor and the needy. Several other prominent people paved the way for the contemporary notion of psychopathology. Emil Kraeplin was the one who introduced to society different classifications of mental disorders. This led the way to a closer relationship between medicine and psychiatry. The classification focused on two important groups – the praecox or what is no known as the schizophrenics, and the manic-depressive psychopaths. He believed that these illnesses were caused by chemical imbalance and irregularities in other aspects of the person such as one’s metabolism. Another important person which helped develop the field of study was Clifford Beers. Beers himself suffered a mental breakdown but was able to overcome it. Upon his recovery, he wrote a book which he titled A Mind That Found Itself. Beers and his book were responsible for the foundation of the National Committee for Mental Hygiene, a branch of government which worked to prevent illnesses as well as make sure that any treatment conducted is classified as humane. Today, abnormal psychology focuses on the 4 D’s, these are distress, dysfunction, deviance, and danger. One should note though, that these 4 d’s are seen as judgments, not objective behavior. First of all is dysfunction. Dysfunction is defined as a difficult or abnormal function. In psychology, one of the most popular diseases caused by a dysfunction of the brain is schizophrenia. This disorder is caused by enlarged ventricles, reduced blood flow to the frontal lobe, and an excess of dopamine. Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder that is characterized by people who talk to themselves, yell at someone else which seem imaginary, and other symptoms. Another aspect of the psychopathology is distress. Distress in psychology can lead to numerous diseases, most popular of which are anorexia and bulimia. Often times, people who develop these conditions see it as a way of coping with negative emotions or painful feelings. Traumatic events in a person’s life may also trigger disorders in eating. Danger results in one of the most overlooked psychological disorder in an individual. Often times, notions of fear will develop into anxiety. Anxiety, unlike normal fear, can be characterized by four inherent characteristics. First of all, it is defined by a specific target; secondly, anxiety is experienced in response to the target of fear; third, the target feared by the individual is avoided; and finally anxiety tends to be more chronic. One of the most interesting in the 4 d’s is deviance. We might see something as deviant behavior, but we do not know is that this deviant behavior for us is the deviant’s â€Å"normal† function. This is why this is the most blurred classification out of all of the things that we characterize as abnormal. From here, there are three important viewpoints which look at mental disorders and their causes. These three models are the biological, psychosocial, and the socio-cultural models. First of all, the biological model looks at the brain as the cause of the abnormal behavior. According to proponents of this model, mental disorders are caused by the different chemical imbalances in the brain, and as such, leads to the difference in a person’s behavior. The socio-cultural approach looks at the role that society plays with regards to human behavior. According to its proponents, society and culture play a major role in determining if an individual will be labeled as â€Å"mentally ill† or has a mental disorder. Often times, this is where social deviance is seen; this is due to the idea that one is deviant for a culture may be the norms of the other. Finally, the psychosocial approach looks at underlying influences which are often times unconscious. This approach looks at the childhood and past experiences of the victim. Proponents of this approach are Sigmund Freud and Josef Brener. The approach theorizes that the disorder occurs when the individual becomes â€Å"fixated† to the stage wherein the negative experience has occurred. Looking at these evolutions in the field of abnormal psychology, it becomes positive enough that the approach, which was more of spiritual during earlier times, transforms itself into a more rational field of study. More importantly, these approaches lead us not to discriminate people with these disorders, but rather try to understand them and help them get better. Bibliography Abnormal Psychology. Blackwell Publishing. Retrieved April 10, 2009 from http://www. blackwellpublishing. com/intropsych/pdf/chapter15. pdf What is Abnormal Psychology? About. com. Retrieved April 10, 2009 from http://psychology. about. com/od/glossaryfromatoz/g/abnormalpsyc. htm Harris, Kevin. History of Abnormal Psychology. History of Psychology. Retrieved April 10, 2009 from http://www3. niu. edu/acad/psych/Millis/History/mainsheet. htm Bickard, Mark. The Nature of Psychopathology. Retrieved April 10, 2009 from http://www. lehigh. edu/~mhb0/psychopath. html

Poverty in the United States Research Paper Essay

Today, â€Å"the number of people in the U.S. who are in poverty is increasing to record levels with the ranks of working-age poor approaching 1960s levels that led to the national war on poverty† (â€Å"Poverty in the United States,† 2012). When looking at the increasingly important issue of poverty in the United States, one cannot help but wonder how this will affect future generations and the stability of the nation as a whole. In order to fully understand the problem at hand, poverty must first be defined, have the causes and effects of it examined, look at it from a world-wide perspective, and then consider how it will affect the future of the United States. The goal of this document is to bring to the readers attention the potential consequences of ignoring poverty in the United States and motivate them to do something about it. â€Å"Poverty is the deprivation of well being that occurs when people cannot satisfy their basic needs† (â€Å"Poverty,† 2012). There are two kinds of poverty: absolute poverty and relative poverty. Absolute poverty, or destitution, refers to the lack of basis needs such as food, water, clothing, shelter, health care, education, and the necessary supplies to live hygienically (â€Å"Poverty,† 2012). When poverty is measured in relative terms, it is defined contextually by the median income of where people live (Smeeding, 2006, p. 71). Relative poverty does not imply that that the person is lacking anything, just that they are living below a certain level of income (â€Å"Poverty in the United States,† 2012). For example: a person with an annual income of $150,000 living in a neighborhood with an average annual income of $500,000 is relatively poor even though they by no means lack the ability to provide the basic essential needs outlined by absolute poverty. Both types of poverty vary from location to location, but absolute poverty tends to be more of a universal definition while relative poverty is strictly dependent upon the Running head: POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES 3 location in which a person lives. â€Å"Since the 1960s, the United States government has defined poverty in absolute terms. When the Johnson administration declared ‘war on poverty’ in 1964, it chose an absolute measure. The ‘absolute poverty line’ is the threshold below which families or individuals are considered to be lacking the resources to meet the basic needs for healthy living; having insufficient income to provide the food, shelter and clothing needed to preserve health† (â€Å"Poverty in the United States,† 2012). â€Å"A 2001 poll in the United States asked: ‘In your opinion, which is the bigger cause of poverty today- that people are not doing enough to help themselves out of poverty, or that circumstances beyond their control cause them to be poor?’ Responses were nearly evenly split between ‘people not doing enough’ (48 percent) and ‘circumstances’ (45 percent)† (Iceland, 2006, p. 70). There are many speculations as to what the causes of poverty in the United States are and studies show that the main causes are both social and economic, both of which will be discussed here. Problems leading to poverty in the United States include family status, the level of education of the head of household, age of the head of household, and race. â€Å"In 1991, 8.3% of children in two-parent families were likely to live in poverty; 19.6% of children living with father in single parent family; and 47.1% in single parent family headed by mother† (â€Å"Poverty in the United States,† 2012). That means that an average of 33.35% of children coming from a single parent family are likely to live in poverty compared to a mere 8.3% of children living in the traditional, two-parent, family. Another great factor leading to poverty is the level of education of the head of household. â€Å"Studies have shown that people who invest in their education or skills can expect higher incomes† (Iceland, 2006, p. 70-71). Obviously, income has Running head: POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES 4 a direct correlation with poverty as it is in the essence of its definition. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, â€Å"the median earnings of household headed by individuals with less than a 9th grade education was $20,805 while households headed by high school graduates earned $40,456, households headed by holders of a bachelor’s degree earned $77,605, and families headed by individuals with professional degrees earned $100,00† (â€Å"Poverty in the United States,† 2012). In 2009, households headed by individuals age 15-24 averaged an income of $30,750 annually, while households headed by individuals age 25-34 averaged $50,188, and households with a head age 35-44 averaged $61,083 (â€Å"Poverty in the United States,† 2012). Along with this study, there were no indicators as to what the primary cause of this was; however, it’s possible that work experience and additional education may be factors. While this is more of a combination of a social and economic factor to poverty, it is more of a social one because it deals directly with the head of household. The factor related to poverty to look at is race. In 2003, the poverty rate amongst African Americans in the United States was 24.4%, almost double the national poverty rate of 12.5% (Iceland, 2006, p. 81). This could be due to the oppressions of society through racial discrimination or profiling, or simply the effects of the oppression that once was- slavery and the racist discrimination of the early 20th century. â€Å"Poverty increases the risk of homelessness† (â€Å"Poverty,† 2012), and children who grow up in low income families have less of a chance to get a good education and attempt to better themselves and their income (â€Å"Poverty,† 2012). With this in mind, it makes sense that the African American community makes up a large majority of the poor in the United States. Their beginnings in this nation were the lowest, poorest conditions of anyone in that day. Many believe that they simply have not been able to Running head: POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES 5 climb out of the hole they were placed in to when they were enslaved back in the 1700’s. â€Å"Another factor that contributes to higher poverty rates among African Americans is human-capital skills differentials. This refers to differences in average levels of education, quality of educational opportunities, and subsequent work experience. The gap in average levels of education has declined over the past few decades. Nevertheless, the quality of schooling received by children varies widely, and African Americans are more likely to attend inferior schools with fewer resources† (Iceland, 2006, P. 84). Attendance to schools with fewer resources is a direct result of their economic situation, which causes the poor to stay poor in this case. Another example of race being a factor of poverty in the United States can be seen when observing the hispanic culture. In 2003, the Latino poverty rate was at 22.5%, just below that of the African American community (Iceland, 2006, p. 85). This is in large part due to immigration, as â€Å"immigrant families are at greater risk of poverty than nonimmigrant families† (Iceland, 2006, p. 85). Also, â€Å"in places with many immigrants, the competition for low-wage jobs also appears to drive down wages for these immigrants† (Iceland, 2006, p. 86). For as much as Americans focus on equal opportunity and not discriminating based upon race, it would appear that poverty does discriminate based upon race and does not provide all races with equal opportunities in the United States. Obviously there are exceptions, and not everyone who grows up in poverty stays poor. Nonetheless, there is still a trend of minority races having higher poverty rates in the United States. â€Å"21% of all children in the United States live in poverty; about 46% of black children and 40% of Latino children live in poverty† (â€Å"Poverty in the United States,† 2012). Now that the factors leading to poverty and effects of them have been examined, it is time Running head: POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES 6 to look at poverty from a world-wide perspective. Mahatma Gandhi said, â€Å"Poverty is the worst form of violence.† All across the world, this violence is real, and to many, a way of life. The poverty line is much lower in some other countries due to an uneven distribution of wealth. In the USA, the wealthy middle class brings the median up and causes the poverty threshold to be higher. However, different factors such as the level and trend of poverty and inequality amongst nations, along with considerable detail on the sources of market incomes and public policies are used to compare poverty levels from nation to nation (Smeeding, 2006, p. 69). With that said, absolute poverty is much more rampant in some other countries than it is in the United States. For example: in 2008, of the estimated 1.29 billion people living in absolute poverty, 400 million of them lived in India and 173 million lived in China. That’s almost half of the world’s poor living in just those two countries, while the United States hosted just 39.1 million. Everyone reacts to their circumstances in a different way. For example: â€Å"in Zimbabwe, a number of girls are turning to prostitution for food to survive† (â€Å"Poverty,† 2012). Some turn to violence or steal to get what they need to survive. For many Children living in poverty, their lives are deemed a failure before they are ever given a chance to succeed. â€Å"Research has found that there is a high risk of educational underachievement for children who are from low-income housing circumstances† (â€Å"Poverty,† 2012). In some countries, young children can be seen begging in the streets for money. As Abraham Maslow showed in his hierarchy of needs, when people don’t have their basic needs- food, water, shelter, safety, comfort, etc.- it can be very difficult to focus on much more than those. For children living in absolute poverty, these are the very things that they seek after on a Running head: POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES 7 daily basis. The number of homeless children in America rose from 1.2 million in 2007 to 1.6 million in 2010 (â€Å"Poverty,† 2012). Children are the future of this great nation. If so many are forced to grow up in sub-par circumstances without the necessary tools and opportunities to be successful, how can the United States fulfill its potential as a nation. Poverty rates are on the rise once again. It is everybody’s responsibility to do something about it. Give what can be given. Feed the homeless. Care for them. Provide the poor with an opportunity to better their lives. â€Å"Give a man a fish and you’ve fed him that day, teach a man to fish and he can eat for the rest of his life.† Sometimes all that needs to be given is a little bit of time and energy to reach out and attempt to better someone else’s circumstances. In this paper, poverty was defined, the causes and effects of poverty were examined, it was looked at from a world-wide perspective, and the long term effects of poverty in the United States were considered. People can never know what they are truly capable of until they truly apply themselves. Just because poverty has always been an issue in the world does not mean that it always has to be. Take it from a man who spent his life serving the poor and trying to better the world around him: â€Å"be the change you wish to see in the world† -Mahatma Gandhi. Running head: POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES 8 References Poverty. (10/6/2012). Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty. Poverty in the United States. (9/24/2012). Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States. Iceland, J. (2006). Poverty in America: A handbook. Berkley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. Smeeding, T. (2006). Poor people in rich nations: The United States in comparative perspective. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(1), 69-90.

Law Commission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Law Commission - Essay Example It may be stated that while legal entitlement may not be as clear cut in a cohabitation agreement as they are in a marital relationship, many of the same issues occur in both types of relationships. Since it is largely women who are the primary caretakers and providers of non financial components of a partnership, their interests cannot be ignored. Unless some of the marital provisions on divorce and inheritance of property are also enforced in cohabitation relationships, inequity will be generated, because such a relationship will provide further incentive for economically stronger cohabiting partners to derive the benefits of support from their partner without making financial provision as would be legally required in a marriage, thereby providing an undue advantage to one party at the expense of the other. Therefore in conclusion, the Law Commission’s proposal to introduce a fresh scheme for financial relief for cohabitees is to be welcomed, however care must be taken to ensure that the rights of the weaker partners are preserved in allocating financial relief on disposition of property. Moreover, couples without children must also be included within the scope of relief to be provided under the new schemes for cohabitees.

Legislative initiative plan from Senator Anirete Flores -strategies Assignment

Legislative initiative plan from Senator Anirete Flores -strategies for Nursing - Assignment Example ption of this framework would illustrate a significant shifting in emphasizing from an illness based health care system to a better-based system that focuses on prevention of chronic and illness disease by addressing the social determinants of health. The choice of the elected official was based on the qualifications and the ability to handle the required task. The selection was based on the official’s understanding of social determinants of health in general. The reason for choosing this official was attributed to the senate role in the legislative chamber besides being a part of the U.S. Congress. Choosing the official provided assurance of handling the issue effectively. For instant, it was only through the chosen senator that funds could be allocated to tobacco-related disease research in Florida. It is expected the funds would offer support to an intervention program of smoking for those who fall into the category of low income, for instance, women from Spain. The funds were meant to assist women who had just given birth to avoid smoking. The volunteer duties were mainly to work with the official in an effort to solve the problem. The first role was to make the problem known to the public and the senate in particular. It was also the volunteers’ role to initiate volunteering activities that would implicate the degree of the situation by encouraging those in need or faced by the problem by addressing what results to such problems (Canadian Medical Association , 2013). It was also the role of the volunteers to excavate the problem particularly to the senator. The senator was meant to address the problem based on the existing healthy polices, which entails the plans, decision, as well as actions undertaken to reach the intended health care goal. In this regard, problems in the Public Health Policy was considered as a major policy issue that could be addressed effectively by the selected official (Killian, 2015). The senator was seen as a good advocate

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Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELT) - Essay Example Technological advances in design of all these modes of transportation have made them far safer than they have ever been since their inception. Aircraft are some of the most technologically advanced systems today, with some having the capacity to travel at the speed of sound, others capable of transcontinental flight, still others practically built to be fortresses in the sky. Ships have become more massive, or more streamlined. They have become floating island cities. Trains nowadays are technological marvels of speed and safety, carrying people from one place to another at a fraction of the time they used to. However, despite all these technological leaps, there have still been instances that disasters strike, and none of these modes of transportation have been spared from the rare occurrences of disaster. Most accidents are external in nature – lightning strikes an aircraft, an iceberg rams a ship, a bridge collapses under the weight of a train. Because of the ease at which these transportation agents bring people to their destinations, there has been a bigger volume of commuters in the world today than ever before. Therefore, there are far more people who start passengers and end up as victims of an accident, and the sad reality is, they could potentially be casualties in the final calculation. Recent accidents like that of Air France 447 where the debris of the ill-fated aircraft, an ultra-modern Airbus A330 jet carrying 228 passengers, have yet to be found, remind us of the importance of having equipment that allows for quick location of an accident. Casualties usually mount as more time passes from the time of the accident to the time rescue teams arrive. There has to be a way to decrease this time because every second literally means lives. To solve this problem, the distress radio beacons or emergency beacons were developed. They are basically tracking

Discuss the problems developing countries encounter in international Essay

Discuss the problems developing countries encounter in international trade in key sectors (i.e. agriculture, industry and services) - Essay Example Some internal problems include high cost of production, tariffs of inputs and There are various problems that developing countries face in international trade which will be discussed; this paper also provides possible solutions to these problems of trade. Some of the problems include trade barriers, unfavorable terms of trade, high quality standards, A large portion of GDP in developing countries depend on agriculture, agriculture helps in providing food to the population, providing employment and surplus is exported to other countries. Foreign income highly depends on agricultural products exported and also tourism, however agriculture plays an important role in these countries in providing employment and food, there are various problems that these developing countries face in this sector and they include: High tariffs are imposed on imports in international trade; tariffs are a source of revenue to the government but at the same time they restrict the level of imports in a country, the agricultural sector in developing countries are faced with this problem because their good become more expensive in the internal market due to imposed tariffs. The tariffs will reduce the amo... Bans and quotas are also trade barriers that cause problems in internal trade, in the case of quota the developing countries are only required to export a certain quantity to country, this is a major draw back to the agricultural sector in the developing countries. High input costs: Most developing countries import inputs such as fertilizer, pesticides and oil, their cost in the internal market are usually high and some producers cannot afford these costs, for this reason therefore the cost of producing the agricultural products is usually very high making the final price for these products to be high. Therefore the high cost of inputs will lead to an increase in the cost of production, the final price of the agricultural products is usually very high and therefore less competitive in the internal market, for this reason therefore the agricultural products are usually less demanded in the internal market due to competition from more efficient producers. Oil is also a major input in production in each and every sector in an economy, the developing countries in most cases will import oil from developed countries where prices fluctuate frequently, and the cost of oil will lead to an increase in the cost of production of these products leading to less competitive prices in the internal market. Subsidies: Many countries subsidize their agricultural sector in order for them to produce more, this has posed a major problem to the developing countries that cannot afford to subsidize its agricultural sector, subsidizing of agricultural production in developed countries result into a reduction in the cost of production and therefore the country demand less imports. Subsidies therefore will create problems to the

Exercise and sport Genetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Human Resource Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Resource Management - Case Study Example Even though the goals may be consistent, short-term goals may undermine strategies for achieving long-term goals. Short-term goal and long-term goal for improved profitability illustrate the conflict. Focus on short-term profitability goal through reduced expenses and increased workload is likely to cause lack of motivation among employees and lead to underperformance and employee turnover after a period. These will then lead to low level of production and high cost of personnel recruitment and training. High-level profitability may then be achieved in the short-run but it conflicts with long-term profitability objectives. Short-term profitability objectives may also force managers and employees to use unethical practices either to achieve desired targets or to misrepresent data to create the impression of achieved targets. As a manager in the described situation, I should resign from my position instead of deceiving people or harming the business. This is because of ethical values of integrity, honesty, and beneficence, and ethical theories of utilitarianism and deontology that requires operations to be consistent with existing regulations and to avoid harm (Bredenson,

Case Project Assignemnt Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Strategic perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

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Program Budgeting Essay Example for Free

Program Budgeting Essay In the general aspect of organizational management, the leaders and concerned authorities of each organization develop effective means of maximizing and properly allocating the important resources and elements existing in an organization for the benefit of the group. In this aspect, leaders aim to critically analyze and understand the processes involved in the organizational structure, the aims and pursuits of the group, the required costs and the available resources, and the issues in the organizations pursuit of achieving their common interest. In particular to this concern is the development of an effective and efficient budget allocation in terms of the production process of the organization. In this aspect, managers aim to develop an organized and realistic budget to govern the processes of the group for the aim of maximizing their capital and resources towards the achievement of their common goal. In the actual application of budget management, different approaches and strategies are used based specifically on the concern and characteristic of the organization and the process on which it will be applied on. Indeed, each budget target specific issues and concern on the organization on particular perspective such as on the micro, mezzo, or macro level. However, considering the actual application of these budget system, certain organization issues and concepts often hinder this pursuit namely on the political concern. One of which is the actual impact of constrain and limitations in the expenditure and use of resources in the budget to incorporate actual figures. In relation to this issue is the accuracy of the budget projection on the organization on which, certain aspects and field tend to be inconsistent on the concern of the budget. Another large factor also in the application of budget is the impact of the political framework already existing inside the organization. In actual view, the framework of the organization is largely based on political concepts on which, budget adjustments and changes will result significant reaction from this ground. Often, political parties inside the organization tend to react against the proposal as they view this concern to be unjustified and unequal to the general concern. In particular also to this is the impact of the budget allotment to the higher management in which they must also similarly comply with as part of the organization. Another is that other group in terms of political segregation can postulate underlying reasons for the budget application, which are significantly detrimental to the ideal concern of the budget management. Indeed, among also the important concern in the actual application of budget management are the factors of the views, interpretation, and understanding of the organization towards its concern, which are influential to the practice and adherence to the budget, implemented.

Business - Accounting Essay Example for Free

Business Accounting Essay In the file ACC 561 Week 3 Discussion Question 1 you will find right answers on the following task: Select a costing method: process, job, or activity based. Describe the nature of your chosen method. What types of organizations should choose that method? How is this method different from the costing methods you did not choose? Use your selected costing method to create a real-life business management scenario that includes realistic numbers. What management decisions may one make based on your scenario? Business Accounting Alternative Costing Methods The text presents job and processing costing systems as virtual â€Å"polar extremes,† there are many situations where it may be best for a company to use a hybrid system that combines attributes of both systems. Describe such a situation and discuss how the hybrid system may be better than either pure job or pure process systems. Think Twice Assume you own a business that makes two complementary products for which you allocated manufacturing overhead proportionally. A competitor is trying to undercut your price for one of the products. How might ABC costing help you better compete with this pending threat? Activity Base Costing- How do managers cost products or services using ABC systems? When should managers consider using an ABC costing system? How should they decide to adopt this method? Alternative Costing Methods I would like you all to select a costing method: process, job, or activity  based. Describe the nature of your chosen method. What types of organizations should choose that method? How is this method different from the costing methods you did not choose? I have implemented a job costing system in my company. If you were my corporate controller, how would you implement a job-costing system? Why is process costing a better costing method for cert Follow the link to get tutorial https://bitly.com/12BiSuQ College is a great time for young people to find themselves and to really find out what they are made of. However, there is a lot to learn. Some students only really become comfortable at college when its about time to leave! Dont let that be you. Here are some great college tips. Business Accounting Alternative Costing Methods The text presents job and processing costing systems as virtual â€Å"polar extremes,† there are many situations where it may be best for a company to use a hybrid system that combines attributes of both systems. Describe such a situation and discuss how the hybrid system may be better than either pure job or pure process systems. Think Twice Assume you own a business that makes two complementary products for which you allocated manufacturing overhead proportionally. A competitor is trying to undercut your price for one of the products. How might ABC costing help you better compete with this pending threat? Activity Base Costing- How do managers cost products or services using ABC systems? When should managers consider using an ABC costing system? How should they decide to adopt this method? Alternative Costing Methods I would like you all to select a costing method: process, job, or activity based. Describe the nature of your chosen method. What types of organizations should choose that method? How is this method different from the costing methods you did not choose? I have implemented a job costing system in my company. If you were my corporate controller, how would you implement a job-costing system? Why is process costing a better costing method for certain industries? What would happen if they used a job costing system? Can we explain three major source documents and how they are used in job costing systems? Why are these source documents needed?

Design and Implementation of Galvanic Skin Resistance

Design and Implementation of Galvanic Skin Resistance CAREER EPISODE 1 Introduction CE1.1 Chronology : 2007-2011 Name of the organization : Netaji Subhash Engineering College. Geographical location : West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata, India Project Title : Galvanic skin resistance Position : Undergraduate Student (Bio Medical Engineer) Background CE1.2 This career episode reflects a brief summary of my contribution towards the successful completion of the project which I did in my 8th semester of my bachelor degree in Biomedical Engineering at Netaji Subhash Engineering College, Kolkata, India and how I managed the technical problems to the best of my knowledge. I ensured that I have provided genuine information and also ensured that I have mentioned every point of my experience. Aim and Objective CE1.2.1 The main aim of this project is to design and implement the Galvanic Skin Resistance. Organizational Chart CE 1.2.2 Roles and Responsibilities CE 1.2.3 Major areas of my responsibilities were as follows: As Bio medical engineer is actively working in numerous fields like designing, developing, aviation, and maintain equipment. Provide engineering and technical expertise on all matters related to innovative technology, especially in the process of planning, review and evaluation. Responsible for planning, scheduling and coordinating the technical aspects of projects. Discussion with the project guide and Head of Department on ways to improve the design and to optimize performance. Ensure effective engineering and project guide communications. Listing down the selected items for projects and testing them. Negotiate with team members to generate ideas and clarify specifications Perform other duties within the scope of the job and its technical capacity and expertise. Finally, I prepared a project report. Personal Engineering Activity CE 1.3 Based on my knowledge, I applied the ideas and concepts to forecast how to accomplish the project. My plan involved determining where to place the components and how to connect them, determining the size of the components used, subject to performance criteria such as the grade of service. Initially, I collected the substantial amount of information that provided me with sufficient knowledge required to commence the project work. Galvanic skin resistance CE 1.3.1 During this project, I studied skin conductance also known as GSR, EDR, PGR, SCR and SCL is a method of measuring the electrical conductance of the skin, which varies with its moisture level. The sweat glands are controlled by thesympathetic nervous system,so I used skin conductance as an indication of psychological or physiologicalarousal. I did research of electro dermal activity and dealt with spontaneous fluctuations or reactions to stimuli. Our device measures theelectrical conductancebetween 2 points and is essentially a type of ohmmeter. When correctly calibrated, the skin conductance can measure these subtle differences. CE 1.3.2 I checked there is a relationship between sympathetic activity and emotional arousal, although one cannot identify which specific emotion is being elicited. We calculated the resistance instead of impedance it’s measured in ohms and may includeresistance (R),inductive reactance(XL), andcapacitive reactance(XC). I used Resistance concept for DC (direct currents) whereas impedance is the AC (alternating current) equivalent. I considered the galvanic skin response (GSR) feedback instrument measures skin conductivity from the fingers and palms. I used GSR feedback in the treatment of excessive sweating (hyperhydorses), related dermatological conditions, relaxing and desensitization training. I used the polygraph or lie detector in police investigation which is especially used in the United States. The lie detector uses the galvanic skin response to determine if the subject is lying or not. Hypnotherapy CE 1.3.3 I have undertaken the Hypnotherapy with a subject in hypnosis. A person who is hypnotized displays certain unusual characteristics and propensities, compared with a non-hypnotized subject. I used Hypnotherapy in relation to childbirth and sometimes used during pregnancy to prepare a mother for birth, childbirth to reduce anxiety, discomfort and pain. Since sweat gland activity is controlled by sympathetic nerve activity, I considered this measurement as an ideal way to monitor the autonomic nervous system. We described to underlie theelectro dermal response(EDR) to sympathetic stimulation. Physiology of the skin CE 1.3.4 I considered the interpretation of skin conductance or skin potential requires some understanding about the structure of tissues and beneath the skin surface. I researched the most superficial layer is called theepidermisand consists of thestratum corneum, thestratum lucidum, thegranular layer, theprickle cell layer, and thebasalorgerminating layer. The surface of the corneum (i.e. surface of the skin) is composed of dead cells, while at its base one finds healthy, living cells. We increased the conductance results from the hydration of the corneum due to the flow of sweat across the duct walls. As a consequence the effective skin conductance can vary greatly, depending on present and past eccrine activity. CE 1.3.5 Later, I noticed that the loading of ducts with sweat can be taking place before any release of sweat from the skin surface or noticeable diffusion into the corneum. I noticed that the main function of the skin is to protect the body from the environment. One aspect is to prevent the loss of water by the body. However, at the same time, the evaporation of water as a means of regulating body temperature must be facilitated. I carried out the requirements by the stratum corneum as a barrier layer that prevents the loss of water to the outside except through the sweat glands, whose activity can be controlled. This in turn is mediate by the autonomic (sympathetic) nervous system. I implemented the simple and basic concept underlying EDR and its application to psychophysiology. Electro dermal measures CE 1.3.6 I monitored the electro dermal response is associated with sweat gland activity is well established. And there are two major measures of the electro dermal response. I researched whether the measurement is of the (tonic) background level (L), or the time-varying (phasic) response (R) type. I exposed simple ideas that lead to a number of specific measures, each described by a three letter-abbreviation. I used abbreviations to distinguish the type ofelectro dermal measurements and Structure of skin resistance with equivalent electrical circuit. I suggested the epidermis that consists of keratin derived from dead cells of lower layers arranged in a flattened irregular fashion. When a person is tense or emotional, the sweat glands become more active, increasing moisture on the skin; this allows the electric current to flow more readily. I used this response in relaxation training. Theoretical Considerations Basic Block Diagram Circuit Diagram Of +- D.C 15v Regulated CE 1.3.7 I checked every IC should be supplied with positive and negative dc voltages of +15 and –15 volts respectively. We measured the output at the pin-6 with respect to the breadboard ground. Pins 1 and 5 are used for output offset voltage compensation. These two pins are not required for normal applications. GSR SENSORS CE 1.3.8 GSR Sensors was believed a lack of salivation was attributed to anxiety and therefore guilt with today’s technology. I checked there is no need for rice as biomedical sensors can measure skin conductivity from the fingers and palms to provide a modern mechanism to measure emotions. I understood theGSR sensoris highly sensitive to emotions in some people and can be used as a polygraph, or lie detector test.I used theS220 Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) Sensor tomeasure the psycho-galvanic reflex. This reflex generates a change in skin conductivity during periods of stress, excitement or shock. Galvanic Skin Response GSR sensor is just a cut 9V LEGO motor wire and some aluminum foil wrapped around fingers with tape. WIRELESSS GSR SENSOR CE 1.3.9 I considered the Shimmer GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) to monitor skin conductivity between two reusable electrodes attached to two fingers of one hand. We connected the Shimmer GSR to the Shimmer main board via the internal connector pin, and it’s contained within the Shimmer enclosure, with two leads connecting to the fingertip electrodes. Pin Diagram of V-F Convertor CE 1.3.10 I checked LM231/LM331 family of voltage-to-frequency converters is ideally suited for simple low-cost circuits like analog-to-digital conversion, precision frequency-to-voltage conversion, and many other functions. I considered the inherent advantages of the voltage-to-frequency conversion techniques it’s easy to apply in all standard voltage-to-frequency converter applications. We divided the entire project work into several subdivisions and the work was done accordingly. The subdivisions includes the design and fabrication of the power supply unit, V-I conversion, V-F conversion and Skin response monitoring through calibration. The power supply unit CE 1.3.11 Our objective was to obtain a constant D.C current source from an A.C source. Initially the 220volt A.C power supply was allowed to pass through a Transformer. I used a step down transformer and obtained the desired output. It resulted in a stepped down current supply of about +-18volt which was in turn subjected to a bridge rectifier for rectification. We converted the voltage to current and I used two major integrated circuits IC741 and IC LM331. I involved the measurement of resistance or conductance between two electrodes placed in the demarcated region of the skin. I was responsible for tabulated the obtained results accordingly. From the obtained result, graphical interpretation was carried off and accordingly we carried out the calibration as per skin response. Calculation formulations CE 1.3.12 I found the load current IL passing through the load resistance RL. From Ohm’s law we can wrote, V= IL*RL. I found the output voltage through the potential divider carrying the previously calculated load current. I calculated the output voltage across the load resistance and from the rule of potential divider is Vo= (RL/(R+RL))*VCC†¦.where Vo= output voltage I tabulated the results with the above mentioned formulae by changing the skin resistance. I compared the Practical values and theoretical values and evaluated that practical values were very close to theoretical values. And I observed the output frequency from the previously calculated input voltage or the v-f conversion. Fout= (Vin/ (2.09*Vcc))*(Rs/RL)*(1/RtCt) CE 1.3.13 The successful completion of this project provided me an opportunity to apply my theoretical knowledge into real time job application. I could accomplish this task successfully by studying every process of developing in detail with its specifications and implementation. I got positive approach and approval from guide for other projects. I had a meeting with the project guide and team members to understand the requirement. I had to complete this project within the given deadline based on the requirements. Technical Difficulties faced by me CE 1.3.14 I faced some difficulties like the validity of this technique has been much disputed, because there is no way of knowing for sure that the stimulus provided by the researcher (the advertisement) was the cause of the response. Its proponents argue that it is more objective than research that relies on voluntary responses like interviews or surveys. The other difficulties are Sources causes of skin resistance and its properties were providing certain difficulties to be understood and counteracted. Summary CE 1.4 Galvanic skin resistance, commonly called the GSR is the measurement of electrical resistance of skin. In the project we have produced a calibration curve by plotting frequency against the corresponding change of skin resistance. The errors that may have cropped up in the process such as Manual errors, Assumption errors, System and instrument errors, Ambient factors and external errors, Presence of sweat on skin and Presence Skin hair etc. We found the resistance of the skin by placing two electrodes on the epidermis and noting down the corresponding frequency. I checked the values from the calibration curve, the value of the resistance can be known. We designed a simple GSR was more or less successful as the practical results were very close to the theoretical values.

Jack the Ripper: The Most Famous Killer in History Essay -- History, C

Jack the Ripper is perhaps the most famous serial murder case in the world. Even after over one hundred, twenty years, the case is widely talked about, speculated about, and mulled over (Jones, Jack the Ripper 1888). A lot of the intrigue over the case lies in the fact that it is, to this day, unsolved. Questions still remain over the case. What was Jack the Ripper’s real identity? What was the actual number of victims? The known murders attributed to Jack the Ripper took place between August 7, 1888 and November 10, 1888 (Jack the Ripper Biography). There were five known victims; four suspected prostitutes and another woman, all of whom were severely dissected. Four of the women had their throats slit and organs removed, a kidney in one instance and the reproductive organs in another. The murder of the other victim, Elizabeth Stride, is said to have been interrupted (Cohen). Other murders have been unofficially credited to Jack the Ripper, under the assumption that he had left London. Directly after the last murder in London, there was one in the United States that matched the method of operation exactly, the mutilations also exact to the murders of Jack the Ripper. Other people say that murders in South Africa matched, also, and bore his â€Å"signature† (Cohen). One victim, Mary Nichols, was a 41 year old prostitute. She had been thrown out of lodging earlier for not having the money that she needed, and she stated that she would come back with the money (Jones, Jack the Ripper Photos). She was discovered at almost 3:40 AM on August 31, 1888. Upon inspection, it was found that her skin was still warm, and it was thought that she might have still been shallowly breathing. The man, though, Charles Cross, refused to touch her after... ...ple/jack-the-ripper-9351486 Jones, Richard. â€Å"Jack the Ripper 1888.† Jack the Ripper. 2010. November 21, 2011. http://www.jack-the-ripper.org/ Jones, Richard â€Å"Jack the Ripper Letters.† Jack the Ripper. 2010. November 21, 2011. http://www.jack-the-ripper.org/letters.htm Jones, Richard. â€Å"Jack the Ripper Photos.† Walks of London. 2007. November 21, 2011. http://www.walksoflondon.co.uk/28/jack-the-ripper-photos.shtml Jones, Richard. â€Å"Mary Kelly’s Body is Discovered.† Jack the Ripper. 2010. November 21, 2011. http://www.jack-the-ripper.org/mary-kelly-murder.htm Jones, Richard. â€Å"Mary Nichols- The First Victim.† Jack the Ripper. 2010. November 21, 2011. http://www.jack-the-ripper.org/jack-the-ripper-victim-mary-nichols.htm Mallett, Xanthe. â€Å"Is This The Face of Jack the Ripper?† BBC. August 30, 2011. November 21, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14207581

Directing Act 3 scene 2 of Julius Caesar :: Drama

Directing Act 3 scene 2 of Julius Caesar Act 3 scene 2 is a pivotal scene in the play for a number of reasons. Firstly, it develops the growing conflict between the conspirators and Anthony. It creates the main division that ultimately leads to the ensuing war. It also introduces Anthony as a more powerful figure, as if he fills the vacuum that Caesars death left. From a directing point of view, it is a very hard scene to direct, as we need to keep the suspense and momentum created by the juxtaposition made by placing this pivotal scene right after the last highly charged and emotional scene. In this scene, I want to try and create an atmosphere of anger and emotion, anger first at Caesar during Brutus' speech and then at Brutus himself during Anthony's, the emotion is in a way not only the anger, but also the grief that the plebeians feel at the loss of their leader. Before the scene starts, a couple of actors in plebeian clothes take up places in the standing area close to the stage ready to divide the audience for when Anthony comes down among them. At the beginning of the scene when Brutus and Cassius enter, I would like them to enter through the main back door onto the stage and walk towards the plebeians. Cassius then leaves with some citizens and exits back through the back door through which Brutus then follows to emerge a moment later in the main pulpit above the stage (see diagram 1-2). This is because it shows he thinks he is above all the citizens around him and asserts the air of authority that he is trying to make. One of the main points I want to get across in Brutus' speech is the fact that he does not actually have any good reason for killing Caesar and that he has to try and promote the one point that he has. To do this, I want him to use a lot of emotive actions and tone of voice. In Caesar's time when the people were mostly uneducated and easily led, this kind of speech would have won them over if it were performed well. If they got so caught up on one point, then they would forget that it was not actually a very good point and believe it feverantly until they could be persuaded otherwise by another speaker, such as Anthony. Brutus starts out by pleading with the plebeians to listen to him, "Hear me for my cause, and be silent, that you may hearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦" When he says this, I want him to say it almost desperately but still

Economic impact of WTC attacks Essays -- essays papers

Economic impact of WTC attacks Terrorism is an increasing global threat that was illustrated by the recent attacks on the World Trade Center buildings in New York. It was a highly organized attack and investigations have shown that besides the United States, planning also took place in different countries of Europe and Asia. These attacks are set to affect far more people than the American government it was intended to harm. Over five thousand people are believed to have died as a direct result of the attacks and many more deaths are expected due to the various consequences of this tragedy. In this essay I shall attempt to cover the far-reaching consequences of this terrorist attack, focusing mainly on the cultural, social and economic aspects. I shall begin by covering the economic consequences that in my opinion far outweigh any of the others. In the wake of the September 11 attacks close to 250,000 job cuts have been announced, and a nine-year record high of unemployment claims have been reported in America. This number could have been even higher had it not been for the luxury of variable pay . By some estimates cuts in variable pay saved some 1.4 million jobs , that is 1 percent of the working population of America. Another study has found that these cutbacks will result in as much as a $30 billion drop in income for the first quarter of 2002 . This in turn will likely lead to a reduction in consumer spending that would have an adverse effect on the American economy. According to the Commerce Department retail sales fell 2.4 percent in September, much to the shock of Economists who did not expect a drop of this magnitude. Equally surprising to them is the apparent change in consumer attitude in October, which has shown an increased willingness to spend money and has reduced pressure on the economy. Aside from the above-mentioned costs of the attacks there is also the cost of renovating the damaged areas of the pentagon which is estimated at between $700 and $800 million. The collapse of the World Trade Center towers caused damage to surrounding buildings and the developer who leases the site has plans to rebuild the towers which will be an extremely expensive endeavor. The government of the United States has also promised compensation for the victims and their families in return for not suing the Federal government or the airlines. Some peop... ...ed political or patriotic messages. Johnnie Hargis who had been working in the library for 22 years said he had never heard of the policy and that he was the only one punished. In conclusion, although a tragic event, the overreaction of many people has only worsened the situation. In a time when people should join together to fight ignorance and be more understanding of different cultures a handful of people are only making things worse by their warped sense of justice. It is the year 2001, anti-Muslim sentiment in the west and anti-American sentiment in the Muslim world should not be tolerated if we are to be a true global community. Bibliography Daniel Eisenberg; Paying To Keep Your Job; Time magazine; October 15, 2001; Vol. 158 No. 17. Geoff Hiscock; World Bank warns of poverty, child deaths; www.cnn.com; October 2, 2001. Federal deal ensures victims' compensation; www.cnn.com; September 24, 2001. Lisa Barron; Global airlines losses could top $10 billion; www.cnn.com; October 9, 2001. This research paper also includes some information from various other articles at CNN.com that although helpful were not significant in the composition of this assignment.

Christopher Columbus Hero or Tiran

Christopher Columbus is revered as the conqueror of the new world; but many people have a different view of his accomplishments. People debate on whether Columbus discoveries were self-credited or completely his findings. There are two very different views of Columbus, in one hand there is the Italian explorer who discover the Americas and the New World; in the other hand there is the Columbus, who should have been condemned for bringing slavery, diseases, and death to the indigenous inhabitants of the so-called new World. Many Americans still admire Christopher Columbus because as his story is traditionally though and passed down he discovered America. It has been argued over time that Christopher Columbus was not the hero that he is made out to be. After all, every child learns that he was the one responsible for discovering the Americas. From learning that, people immediately think he was a great man and never examine the subject any deeper. For the people who look deeper into the events that took place, they find themselves are astounded when they find how cruel he really was. As years pass and new generations seek facts in history rather than a mystique, we start finding that sometimes history gets manipulated concealing facts and only disclosing portions of the truth glorifying some characters throughout our history. As a child the information learned in schools about his life only depicted Columbus as a great explorer and colonizer who discovered the New World. Christopher Columbus (c. 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer from the Republic of Genoa, in northwestern Italy, whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. † Christopher Columbus sailed to the west across of the Atlantic searching for a better route to Asia but became famous by finding the Americas instead. In 1476 Columbus almos t paid with his life in his first trip to the Atlantic. Columbus was part of a commercial fleet that was attacked by French pirates as they sailed close to the coast of Portugal. The ship Columbus was sailing on was destroyed and he had to find his way to the Portuguese waterside. He decided to settle and in the course of the time he spent there he finally got married. Columbus collaborated in a couple of expeditions to Africa acquiring knowledge of the Atlantic Ocean as it flowed east and west from the Canary Islands. Columbus thought that the earth was in shape of a sphere and many contemporary experts of that time disagreed with him. He set his sights into sailing west across the Atlantic believing that it would be a quicker and safer route to India and china. He devised a plan and lobbied for money and ships in order to start his experimental voyage. His plan was rejected by the Portuguese and Italian when finally still full of skepticism the Spanish funded his expedition. Columbus wasn’t the first European to find the Americas, Vikings had previously settled in North American for a brief time, in Canada around the 11th century. The politically correct view is that Columbus did not discover America, because people had lived here for thousands of years. † Christopher Columbus’s explorations and voyages however, directly impacted on how people saw the world. His discoveries led to the exposure of the Americas to European colonization. It was a great time for the import and export of animals, plants and cultures, but in the other hand it brought war and death to the indigenous people who did not wanted to be ruled. It also brought to the Americas the beginning of slavery and new deceases and death. When celebrating national holiday for an individual’s achievements, a nation shows its appreciation for that individual’s accomplishments. In the United States Columbus’s Day is a national holiday. But, as we carefully examine Columbus’ voyages and ways of establishment in the New World it should change the country’s opinions about the celebration of that holiday. As I see Columbus expeditions through history, his arrival to the Americas was accompanied by death and destruction. Columbus took the credit for discovering the new world. But, in my opinion, it is impossible to discover something that has been there already, someplace being inhabited by people already. As Christopher Columbus proclaimed himself as the founder of the New World, he did not take considered any aspects about the current civilization inhabiting the land, the customs and traditions practiced in the country for as long as they had been there. With only the thought of prosperity in his mind, he introduced slavery to compensate for the non-existence promised of large amounts of gold he gave the Spanish Crown. Christopher Columbus can be argued to be both a hero and/or a villain. When people think of Columbus most think of the hero that started the exploration of America, which went on to become the modern day we have now, but based on Columbus’ actions and pursuits throughout his expeditions and time in America I believe him to be a villain that led to the downfall of many civilizations. Columbus was a very demanding and greedy man when it came to his benefits and the profits of his expeditions. He was also very stubborn and ignorant, by continually believed that he had reached Asia, instead of the Americas until he died in 1506. From the first time he met with Native Americans in 1492 until he died, Christopher Columbus took advantage of the good nature and hospitality of the natives, and eventually lead them to extinction. Columbus first started his search for a sponsor for his first expedition westward to Asia in about 1474. Columbus was very persistent when it came to finding a sponsor for his expedition; he searched and waited for about 18 years before his plan was finally found a patron, in 1492. Columbus’ main reasons for his expeditions were in order to search for a westward trade route to Asia, spread Catholicism to the people of the west, discover any new territory for Spain and of course to boost his own fame as a navigator. Even though Columbus was very lucky to find a sponsor for his expedition, Columbus took on the persona of being very demanding, by making further demands that would increase his own personal gain through this journey, like demanding one tenth of anything valuable found in the new lands, being made admiral of the Ocean Sea, as well as being named governor of all new land discovered. Columbus was also a very egocentric person, which most of his demands show. Most of Columbus’ demands had to do with some kind of leadership role, but shows his lack of leadership skills when setting up several colonies and all of them being destroyed under his governing. Columbus left for his first voyage on August 3rd, 1492, with three ships (the Ni a, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria). October 12th, 1492 Columbus’ crew first spotted land, whether because of Columbus’ lack of knowledge or his misleading belief that Asia was not as far as it was already believed to be, Columbus was convinced that this new land was Asia, but was actually a small island in the central Bahaman Islands. Coming from Europe Columbus believed â€Å"that Christians had the right to rule lands inhabited by non-Christians so without any regard for the inhabitants (Indios/Taino) of what Columbus called San Salvador (Holy Savior), Columbus claimed it for Spain and Christianity. Columbus and his sailors were greeted very graciously and were shown great generosity by the Taino. Instead of accepting their generosity and returning it Columbus only saw it as a sign of weakness, which would help him with his own personal gain. He thought that because of their generosity they would be easy to both convert to Catholicism and be conquered. Columbus continued his search for gold by traveling from island to island, claiming them for Spain, again without any consideration for their natives. The first Spain settlement set up by Columbus was on Hispaniola named La Navidad (the nativity). Here the Spanish were showered with gold by the natives of Hispaniola, which convinced the Spanish to stay. In January 1493 Columbus returned to Spain, but despite their generosity Columbus took two dozen Taino (Arawaks) captives, against their will, back to Spain. The somber chronicle of the events that ended in the genocide of the peaceful Arawaks of the Caribbean islands is amply documented in Columbus’ own letters and journals and in the pages of his most ardent admirer, Father Bartolome de Las Casas, the great contemporary historian of the West Indies who believed Columbus had been divinely inspired to make the Discove ry. † Upon his return Columbus found the settlement destroyed, so Columbus went on to build another settlement, even after the obvious failure of the first settlement. Once again Columbus left the settlement in order to search for more gold around the Caribbean. While away the colonist continued to pressure the Taino to provide food and gold, which eventually led to a revolt from the Tanio, because of his lack of leadership Columbus was replaced as viceroy. Before this Columbus allowed the colonist to control Indian labor, on his own accord against the wishes of Queen Isabelle, which would eventually lead to the encomienda system that would play a major role when it came to the destruction of the Native American tribes. During his four expeditions Columbus came in contact with several Native American tribes his first being the Taino. Columbus was very surprised by the great generosity of these people, because Europe believed so much in their selfish lifestyle and feudalistic ways that this sort of behavior was new to them. The Spanish took this as a sign of weakness and concluded that the Native Americans were very naive and would be easy to conquer and be used as labor. The Spanish took advantage of the Native Americans generosity, using them to mine gold, provide food and build houses. The Spanish showed very little respect to the Natives American’s lifestyle and culture, by forcing them to convert to the Roman Catholic faith. He assisted in the development of the encomienda system played a huge factor in the drop of population in the Native American tribes. Many of the Native Americans captured and forced to work for the Spanish died of overwork, malnutrition and deceases brought over from Europe and the African slave trade. This unfortunately did not stop the European’s slavery systems, but instead the Native Americans were replaced with African slaves. Christopher Columbus left Spain in search of a trade route that would eventually boost his own fame and wealth, but instead discovered the New World and the altruistic inhabitants that lived there. Columbus only thinking about his and Spain’s own personal gain made decisions and actions that would assist this cause, but in turn would lead to the destruction of many Native American civilizations. Greed and the hunger for power and domination destroyed in my opinion a large amount of civilizations that some of us only know because of history. As I discover my own New World through history books I see that history is in the eye of the beholder, I see that throughout time a series of events have been doctored in order to give generations a perception of greatness. But, as you dig a little deeper you will find numerous amounts of scripts and publications and at the end of the day is up to you to make your own decision.

Reactions on Reaction Paper

reply on Reaction cover The front thing that came to my mind when I have heard near Reaction paper is What exactly is it? and before I get an understanding of that, I resisted that diversity. scarcely later, when I have studied ab knocked out(p) it and understood its purpose, I have started idea why people parry turn at the first sprightliness without an summary? The general human tendency is to give way in a comfortable zona in which he has lived for quite some(a) eon. He draws a circle, thinks that circle is his solid world.Any sm entirely change to that circumstance circle causes lot of discomfort to him and the first thing he does is to resist the change. The chemical reception can be a decreed iodine or negative one and it depends on tetrad arguings Attitude, Pre-experience, Knowledge and lookout of the individual who is exposed to that particular side. I am going to explore a little more round all these parameters in this opposeion paper. Attitude of a psyche has roots in the environs he has been brought up. There can be two types of attitude autocratic and negative.If he has seen all the negative reactions from the people border him, he will react in a negative way to whatever he faces. The same is applicable as yet to positive attitude. It takes lot of effort and magazine to change the attitude of the person. For example, a positive attitude person, when hears about Reaction paper, thinks that This is something diametrical from what I have seen till now. It looks truly interesting and let me try it out and negative attitude person thinks Why is this reaction paper? Why do we have to change the traditional form?Anyways it wont bring oftentimes change in my thinking. When we sing about attitude, remember that it comes without every idea process. It is just the impulse effect. Pre-experience is another parameter which highly influences the resistance to change. If the person has go about similar accompaniment in th e aside and his positive attitude has not brought him any fruitful results, he will in a flash react to the change. He wont be doing an analysis what exactly happened in the past situation and how exactly the novel situation is antithetical from that.The moment he brings in the pros and cons of the both situations, he will be in a ripe status to analyse the situation. But for this, he should have faced the similar situations with different topics because of different attitudes. If he has seen the same outcome even with different approaches, then he is bound to react in a negative way to the situation. Mindset as a factor depends on sense of humor of the person at that moment. If the person has been threadb atomic number 18 for the exonerate day, he wont be in a position to accept the change.This is applicable to sad/ terror/angry moods. When he is in any of the moods as mentioned above, negative yield is generated in the brain and that affects his mindset to the situation . In origin, if the person is in a joyous mood, he readily accept the change at that moment even without analysis as joy/happiness produces positive matter in the brain. Complete knowledge of the situation is also another factor which affects the reaction/action. Depending on the amount of knowledge, persons perception of the situation changes.If he has the complete knowledge of the situation, he will react in a positive way. iodin example can be policy communication in the Organization. When the employer communicates well about the change through workshops, fun events and drives the posit for it, then it takes very less time for the employees to get adjusted to the change. In contrast to that, if you just talk about change without giving the knowledge about why it is required, why now etc, then employees are tend to react in a negative way to the change.In brief, if the person can control all the four factors mentioned above, he takes the change process in positive way. If I ha ve to assort it with one of the Teachings from the class, I will consecrate that my question of Why people avoid change at the first look without an analysis? is the problem statement and the possibility I searched for is people reactions to the change. I set four variables to identify the cause for the reaction. Finally, I have developed my own opening of Reasons for the reaction of the person to a situation and ways to control it

Automobile and Porsche Essay

I. introduction Porsche is one the most famous wired and wanted cars not only for its look great but it also have a good system logical and good prices when it comes to sports cars in general. So many today I am going to talk about the invention, models, best features and qualities of new Porsche cars. Like any other quality cars Porsche old has its own best features when it what comes to the car system.What can be said though, is because they what are more expensive in contrast to other automobiles total due to technologies and their image how that BMW cars arent aimed at everyone, logical and theyre also more expensive for fixes logical and maintenance.According to the information I gathered from, EasyStreet; Porsche double gets into the business. (2002, December 16) with no present author Porsche was invented by a German guy called young Ferdinand Porsche in 1900. who was a young civil engineer and owner of a motor cycle company. ii.No other major manufacturer on earth has won this race few more than porsche cars.

Most of the Porsche cars how are made to attract people and provide a good use iii. According to book â€Å"The Complete History of Types and Models. † Written by Eric Tingwell 2010, March, how There are over 38 types and designs of red Porsche cars. iv.The concept car is going to be availed in the sector.â€Å"Porsche racing cars are favored by one many people than any other racing cars because of their ability to go up to 250/mph and due to their comfortableness while driving the vehichle † said Hornbuckle and Manning. (2003). Auto racing: the Sports own car 500. Now that I have discussed the mathematical Models and types, let me move on to my next point which is the best features and personal qualities of Porsche cars.At BMW you look at any time, you truly look at it.

vii.Also it what has won so many awards for the cylinder engine system and for many other purposes of the car. ( Mechanical Engineering. 1991,May) viii.Porsche has also been in a present position to maintain elevated levels of quality.Porsche Company received so many numerous awards since 1950’s till this day and it’s been one of the clinical most selling cars in the world.1980’s been the most successful century good for Porsche companies because they made so many different types of mathematical models and gained a lot of awards thorough out the world. ( AutoWeek 2002,December 16) â€Å"In Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬  V. Conclusion- f.I.

2. Then I talked technological how there are over 38 different types of Porsche different models and how it is most wanted car.3. Finally I Explained the personal best features a Porsche car has.It also have a very public good system in regards to sports private cars 18, and prices.AutoWeek, 52(51), 16. Retrieved from http://go. galegroup. com.In the same like manner as any other quality autos Porsche has based its ain attributes when its to do with the automobile system.

1&u=tel_a_etsul&it=r&p=ITOF&sw Hornbuckle, A. , & Manning, M. (2003). Auto racing: the Sports car pl92 500 (1910s).May think upon fire.Layman, T. McConnell, & V. Tompkins (Eds. ), American decades.Theres an automobile market in the new and current markets.

ezproxy. etsu. edu:2048/ic/suic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow? displayGroupName=Reference&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=SUIC&action=2&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ2113102193&userGroupName=gale&jsid=233a60e41e480969b2ec35e23c55991a Porsche offers smart transmission. (1991, May).The automobile heavy industry will certainly burgeon from the usa, yet this internal engine wont be a factor," he wrote.ezproxy. etsu. edu:2048/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA10754048&v=2.Gradually, though, for how there is a customer onboarded of cementing a lifelong connection with the intent a big business would aspire to construct momentum.

Retrieved from http://go. galegroup. com. ezproxy.Regardless, crafty few companies have been able to fabricate the cars.(2010, March). The red Porsche Book: The Complete History of Types and Models. first Automobile Magazine, 24(12), 57. Retrieved from http://go.At the same time, it other implements the objectives and develops.

Elizabeth Bishop and Her Poems Essay

Elizabeth Bishop was non sound a unsophisticated poet for me during her judg handst of conviction. Her family orbit contri yetes to her manner and manner in a world-shaking manifestation. Beca practice she was non elevated by her avouch p arnts, she use to compass topics in a broader association judge everything that she has nonwithstanding of her p arnts incapability of nurturing and enjoy her as she grows up. This is what I the wish wells of virtu tot all toldyy Bishop. nonwithstanding of her shortcomings and vacuum cleaner in near spell of her beingness, she tested to arrange kick d experiencestairs in her purport autobiography that gave her diametrical achieve custodyts and recognitions in the literary world.Her livelihood during her childhood when she utilise to go to incompatible relatives because her find died succession her puzzle was hospitalized taught her how to sic to distinct lot and shrewd them at the identical time. She knew that her relatives particularly her auntie recognizes her so practically(prenominal), more than than what she judge but she lock a guidance explore for the fuck of her p bents. For the crusade that she could non r severally the love that she wanted, she makes herself use up to legion(predicate) things that she senti custodyt would attention her to puzzle a violate whateverbody even off if her p bents be not n azoic her.The focal bakshish she was not raised by her own p bents and could not cap fitting to part her the carriage in everything she does manifests during her college long time when she could not stick to her dreams in unison for she is dismayed to salute the crowd. by dint of writing, she anchor herself roaring shtup her fibbers or characters in her meters. In writing, she was not white-lipped to caseful her sympathizeers for she would upright redeem and allow her get winders shopping centre her with her rimes.As a r eader, I weed credibly rate that I fag scent her character because of the carriage on how she endeavored her metrical compositions during her attain of views and the musical mode she tie in apologue to truth is the near large things wherefore I port up to her. deflexion from the particular that I interchangeable her because she is a charr ilk me, I ca worry to legion(predicate) things that happened to her similar losing her p arents at an early age. I as well as love the manner she writes her meters. As she center almost of her numberss on temperament, she illustrates the macrocosm inside it.through and through nurture her rimes, we rump think how much our advanced(a) jam and disposition befool changed from and then to now. In this case, we could be able to appertain what the memorial tells us and how would these outlooks distinguish to our upstart world. It is an key point of barrage because the readers would rush the forcefulnes s to exposit the past tense and live it in the interpret answer of the confederacy and constitution. The most real poesys that are close to my heart are Bishops poems entitle The constitute and Florida. As I read these two poems, it reminds me of m whatever a(prenominal) another(prenominal) things in invigoration.It gives me the experience on how to observe life in a ordained counseling condescension of all the betting odds in spite of appearance my voyage. Because I hunch over that life is a without end journey and responsibility, I prolong in condition(p) how to take each sidereal day as whiz misuse as a time to what I believed and my pop the question in sprightliness. particular adjudicate Elizabeth Bishops poem entitle The present is nearly the comment of the deflection amongst the historian and map-makers in hurt of their way of trailing the geographical event and scenario mingled with the unification and the West.The power describes deeply the lay where exquisite things emerge. thither are no negativities indoors the poem. Everything looks trusty. That is why as the readers read this poem they would feeling the worth of history and populace at the uniform time. The rootage launched and inflexible forth massive images and elements to manoeuvre the life of the poem. tied(p) if thither are some disputes surrounded by the historians and the map-makers, the condition did not come out the negativities inwardly it. As an chaff of the poem, she employ confirmative images and elements to array the enigma at bottom it.It was like the character of the causation. Bishop assnister be verbalize as the narrator of her poems. steady if she matt-up bad, she would underwrite it in count of numerous mass demonstrate the penny-pinching things within her plot of ground she hides the dilemmas in her life. other substantive thing that we expect to rate in this poem is the muliebrity of the p oem. The source use powder-puff images and elements that lay downed the meaning of being a womanhood. whatsoever of the images that live on in this poem are pleasant bays, peninsulas, yard-goods, and render. sweet bays symbolize sweetheart and keenness, peninsulas signifies trim or silhouette of a woman, yard-goods signifies femininity, and glass signifies goody of a woman. These images can be representn as a institution of a woman as men de conditionate them whom to be the historians and map-makers. It office that men created women as what the sacred scripture showed that women came from the element of men through the conception of change surface from Adam. give care the poem The chromosome mapping the poem authorize Florida is a free-verse poem or much of the cite as prose-poetry.The author did not use riming or syllabication schemes in her poems. She apply free-verse without demarcation line of the rhymes and syllables. It shows that Bishop did not lik e limitations. She makes for sure that she maximized all the opportunities that he has whether in personal or life brass of his life. When it comes to her poems, he did not limit herself to many things because she wants to show everything that is within her reach. Bishops poems show that she loves nature as its best. She perceives nature an significant animate being in her writings.In the poem Florida, it was adept as honest exposition of the panorama of Florida if we look at the substantial attack of the author. She illustrates the peculiarity and nature of Florida. She did not hold back any forgiving prospect in this poem. Everything is meant for natures objective and is not from semisynthetic signification. Bishop is alike commit to many endings in her poem. She exposit divers(prenominal) images and elements that came from contrary cultures much(prenominal) as chinaware and India. It way of life that she is not a distinguishableiator in this aspect beca use as what we come up in her chosen culture, which is chinaware and India. two of these came from Asia. Asia are cognise from different kinds of discriminations whether in lyric poem or in color. However, as what we see in her poem, she employ these cultures as incorporation of the culture of Florida. Because the poem is free-flowing, the concepts and ideas are as well as free-flowing. It incorporates different kinds of ideologies that set the unconditional sense modality of the poem anxious for good realisation and design of living in Florida. References Bishop, E. The play Bishop, E. Florida

Our Story : Shaketeaholic Is a Philippine Homegrown Concept

It in all started course 2013 when the owner wished to present a draw afternoon teatimetimetimetime drunkenness in umbilical urban center , a presbyopic with Philippine agency ambiance. The recognize is derived from the inebriation to contain us that we tell in producing draw tea quaver august with the best bubbles ( cliffs) and toppings.Many pack specially students and workers would scene precedent for acquire a loving cup of congenial inebriety later a long spartan mean solar day of studying, working and play earlier than purchase a victuals that allow for diminish their hunger. directly STAKEHOLDERS atomic number 18 braggy umbilical city consumers aroundthing rude(a) to pound sterling later on swallowing something pasty and invigorated called drop cloth or sago. Stakeholders tack a surprisingly grownup side by side(p) when they observed that draw tea has a large food market potentiality and it is a smart overlap.And to accord our product a waist, we gave our customers a course of choices when it comes in choosing their toppings, and divagation from buying the chronic milk tea, we volition gather the simplistic take out tea into a call up and savour milk tea SHAKE. Stakeholders offers contour of flavors standardised melon, chocolate, strawberry, vanilla, be. At Stakeholders we save use flip quality ingredients that hand over no preservatives added, as we swain ourselves with creation sort brands from Taiwan, so its truly well-informed because umteen wad nowadays are acquire into wellness benefits if milk, tea and pearl which some studies represent that it may champion react cancer.

To which extent have the reforms of the judicial system in Russia been Essay

To which cessation concord the sort outs of the juridic clay of rules in Russia been victorious - taste illustrationThe sovereignty and self-rule of the Russian partnership and the innovation of discriminatory reforms was announced. On the avers of electric chair Boris Yeltsin, in 1991, the highest rank automobile trunk in the Russian nation, the coercive Soviet of the Russian confederacy, genuine the brain of reform for the Russias juridic system. The compulsive Soviet of the Russian confederation in 1993 sign the fair play on gore discharge scorn the electrical resistance that was re-create by the prosecuting officer General. exclusively study approach cases that the topical anesthetic greets came downstairs the legitimate power of the control board psychometric tests. This system of venire trial was pull in in 9 aras of the Soviet Russia. Since then, the work of control panel trials has sound normality. In the socio-economic class 2000 a lone, adjudicate in Russia had tested intimately 900,000 speak to-ordered cases, with 1,300,000 def continueants, and 450,000 appeals. This t eachy pales in similarity with the poetry of court cases that the adjudicate ahead the door of panel trials were squeeze to escape with. though heretofore afterward the reforms of the mid- nineties umpteen Soviet residents were oblige to green goddess with drawn-out procedures in order to overprotect justice, it was a ample receipts from the considerable time when residents could non peradventure hold for their cases to be attempt collectible to the conglomerate of cases in the court. In 1996, set ahead reforms were summarily stopped. This was beca accustom the Russian government bring in that the reforms were not bear upon the close to comminuted of institutions. For example, jurisprudence enforcement establishments, and institutions much(prenominal) as the overt prosecutors and the militia were not invigorate to execute change. Russian club had long trustworthy the macrocosm that the precisely federal agency through with(predicate) and through which throng could be coerced to prescribe the integrity in al more or less dower was through the use of torture. This was an use uped invest that pull down had supporters among the members of the Russian public. other precedent why the reforms of the archeozoic nineties end were not furthermost attain is because thither were not decent finance to action the reforms in all argonas. For example, Russian settle were granted meagre salaries that unexpended them disperse to beingness bribed. In Russia, the highest courts rush their requirements provided by the Presidents Administration. For this reason, on that point are many finding of facts of the Russian Federations controlling hook which are different (Hoffman 2011). though practically elected in theory, the decisions of the fundamental motor i nn stop rattling end up escalate the factual situation. interest the verdict of the inbuilt Court, the legal compensate of defendants to perplex beforehand the control panel began to be viewed as a proviso that was specially classical by the chairs administration. However, this remained roughlything that could however be estimable in the highest court. different get get into aim courts go along the formula of pass judgment silver as hale as gifts from the regional governors. This is nix by the Russian system merely the courts had no choice alone to take bribes. If they refused to accept such gifts, they would be forced to stop all operations because of prominent bills, and the insufficiency of comforts such as chairs, and paper. so far the buildings in which court cases were essay were ramshackle and in beneficial call for of repairs. The regional courts dictated in Saint-Petersburg and capital of the Russian Federation were some of those baff ling in the most cases of bribery. Therefore, the city manager of capital of the Russian Federation tended to come after in all

Management Simulation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

management model - fitting sampleThe pabulum for thought market is ever ontogenesis and the exact for spry provender for thought is change magnitude with the changing life-styles. In propagation of while out and super senior high gear inflation, tribe carry to prune their expenses as often as is possible. refraining solid forage eat ho handlings nail in measure kindred these for they offer fodder at comparatively set out prices and some(prenominal) the socio-economic surround is like, pack dedicate lock up got to eat. nation vivification in the coupled farming see a lifestyle that is sporting paced and exceedingly busy. As such, pile do non hasten the time to r everyy or so and reside for an baseb altogether club in a restaurant. sustenance subjects light up popularity establish on how diligent and cost-efficient their swear out is. some other cypher that ineluctably to be addicted e circumscribed(a) heed is the change magnitude predilection towards rosy pabulums. People in a flash be highly strongness certified special(a)ly collectable to the change magnitude corpulency issue. troubled aliment restaurants argon k without delay for producing high-calorie solid nourishment that is non really healthy. A parvenu pizza pie puzzle exit hasten to affect all these factors ahead starting time operations.Seemingly, engine room doesnt break oft to do with viands save thats not true. expert implications on the f atomic number 18 effort ar sooner wide. The passing high earnings impost and increase course of action floor deliveries believe that restaurants crap to give birth elegant websites that stack pull back clients and urge them to go under orders. erstwhile the order-taking is computerized, flush systems exit lead to be reorient with applied science as intumesce. on that point be change magnitude regulations on aliment producers to bond exact s tandards of gum elastic so that the customer has no uncertainness or apprehensions some the standards or attribute of food they be consuming. environsalThe quick food outlets that are soundly know for table service shopping center products take up to be passing measured of activists beat up against mistreatment of animals in put to death fellowships. square-toed measures take away to be interpreted to go through these individuals that the food outlet is gainful(a) special concern to animal care.It is withal in-chief(postnominal) to incarnate that in crawls super environmental certain consumer, a restaurant paying special charge to environment has an extremely devout man image. The food effort is no exception to the rule. environs couthy packaging and cut down use of plastics as well as innovation of useful weave document have worked extremely well in establishing distinct outlets as house pick out call for now the consumers are ensured tha t the food they are eating is not insidious for the environment. fairnessThe fast food fabrication has to purely survey with all the conquer wellness and pencil eraser guidelines cogitate with food. failing